???? 據3月3日Business Wire報道，全球石油和天然氣市場預計將從2020年的46774.5億美元增長到2021年的58701.3億美元，復合年增長率為25.5%。

????增長主要是由于石油公司重新安排了業務，并漸漸從新冠肺炎疫情的影響中恢復過來。此前，疫情導致了限制性的遏制措施實施，包括社交距離、遠程工作和商業活動等方面，從而給運營帶來了挑戰。預計到2025年，市場規模將達到74250.2億美元，復合年增長率為6%。

????石油和天然氣由從事石油和天然氣及其衍生產品的勘探、開采、鉆探和精煉的實體(組織、個體貿易商或合伙企業)銷售。這個市場不包括石化產品。石油和天然氣市場分為石油和天然氣上游活動和石油下游產品。

????亞太地區是全球最大的油氣市場，2020年占全球油氣市場的33%。北美是第二大地區，占全球油氣市場的19%。南美洲是全球石油和天然氣市場上最小的地區。

????石油和天然氣行業的大公司正在研究大數據分析和人工智能(AI)，以提高決策能力，從而提高利潤。該行業的公司通過放置在鉆井平臺上的大量傳感器收集與煉油廠、管道和其他基礎設施相關的大量原始數據。通過使用大數據分析，可以探索出一些模式，能夠對不必要的變化或潛在的缺陷做出快速反應，從而節省成本。人工智能可以幫助更好地進行鉆井和運營決策。

????埃克森美孚(ExxonMobil)和殼牌(Shell)等公司一直在加大對人工智能技術的投資，以擁有集中的數據管理方法，并支持跨多個應用程序的數據集成。

????油價波動可能會對市場產生負面影響，因為油價的大幅下跌和上漲會對政府和消費者支出產生負面影響。油價下跌對沙特阿拉伯、尼日利亞和阿聯酋等主要依賴原油出口收入的國家的政府支出產生了負面影響；石油價格的大幅度上漲導致了通貨膨脹加劇，印度等主要石油進口國將會面臨經常賬戶赤字和財政赤字。

????由于石油出口收入大幅下降，沙特政府預計將削減支出，從2019年的1.05萬億里亞爾(2800億美元)削減到2020年的1.02萬億里亞爾(2700億美元)，到2022年削減到9550億里亞爾(2550億美元)，從而影響市場。油價的高波動性預計將對市場的未來產生負面影響。

????從歷史上看，大多數發達國家的低利率對油氣行業產生了積極的影響。例如，2019年，歐洲央行(ecb)將銀行存款利率降至-0.5%，以鼓勵放貸。

????這為投資創造了廉價資金流，無論是在發達國家還是發展中國家。鼓勵發達市場的借貸，抑制儲蓄，幫助推動支出。石油和天然氣公司能夠借到更多的錢來進行工藝改進和擴建項目，從而推動了這一時期的市場。

????王佳晶 摘譯自 Business Wire

????原文如下：

????Global Oil and Gas Market Report 2021: COVID-19 Impact and Recovery - Forecast to 2025 & 2030

????The global oil and gas market is expected to grow from $4677.45 billion in 2020 to $5870.13 billion in 2021 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 25.5%.

????The growth is mainly due to the companies rearranging their operations and recovering from the COVID-19 impact, which had earlier led to restrictive containment measures involving social distancing, remote working, and the closure of commercial activities that resulted in operational challenges. The market is expected to reach $7425.02 billion in 2025 at a CAGR of 6%.

????The oil and gas market consists of sales of oil and gas by entities (organizations, sole traders or partnerships) that undertake the exploration for, extraction, drilling, and refining, of oil and gas and some of its derivatives. This market does not include petrochemicals. The oil and gas market is segmented into oil & gas upstream activities and oil downstream products.

????Asia Pacific was the largest region in the global oil and gas market, accounting for 33% of the market in 2020. North America was the second largest region accounting for 19% of the global oil and gas market. South America was the smallest region in the global oil and gas market.

????Major companies in the oil and gas industry are looking into big data analytics and artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance decisions making abilities and thus drive profits. The companies in this industry gather huge amounts of raw data relating to the working of refineries, pipelines and other infrastructure through a large number of sensors placed across the oil rig. Using big data analytics the companies can detect patterns which can allow them to quickly react to unwanted changes or potential defects, thus saving costs. AI allows the companies to take better drilling and operational decisions.

????Companies such as ExxonMobil and Shell have been increasingly investing in AI technology to have a centralized method of data management and support data integration across multiple applications. Other companies such as Sinopec, a Chinese chemical and petroleum corporation, has announced its decision to construct 10 intelligent centers to help in reducing operation costs by 20%.

????Oil price volatility is likely to have a negative impact on the market as significant decline and increase in oil prices negatively impacts the government and consumer spending. The decline in oil prices is having a negative impact on government spending in countries such as Saudi Arabia, Nigeria and the UAE (United Arab Emirates) which are largely dependent on revenues generated through crude oil exports; whereas significant increase in oil prices had resulted in rising inflation, current account deficit and fiscal deficit in countries such as India and China, which predominantly import oil.

????For instance, the Saudi government is expected to cut down its spending from 1.05 trillion riyals ($280 billion) in 2019 to 1.02 trillion riyals ($270 billion) in 2020, to 955 billion riyals ($255 billion) by 2022, due to significant decline in revenues generated from oil exports, thereby affecting the market. This high volatility in oil prices is expected to negatively impact the market going forward.

????Low interest rates in most developed countries positively impacted the oil and gas industry during the historic period. For instance, in 2019, the European Central Bank decreased interest rates to -0.5% on deposits from banks to encourage lending.

????This created a flow of cheap money for investment, both in developed and developing economies. It also encouraged borrowing and discouraged saving in advanced markets, helping to drive spending. Oil and gas companies were able to borrow more money for process improvements and expansion projects, thus driving the market during this period.