據(jù)油價(jià)網(wǎng)8月5日消息，推動(dòng)風(fēng)能在美國(guó)的發(fā)展需要大型石油公司的專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)、經(jīng)驗(yàn)和資金支持，多年來(lái)，全美的石油公司都在大力投資，推動(dòng)了風(fēng)能行業(yè)的發(fā)展。在活動(dòng)人士和國(guó)際機(jī)構(gòu)繼續(xù)批評(píng)大型石油公司在氣候變化和環(huán)境惡化中所扮演的角色之際，正是這些公司在北美的可再生能源項(xiàng)目中進(jìn)行了一些更重大的投資，并為其增加了一些最大的價(jià)值。
預(yù)計(jì)未來(lái)5年，風(fēng)力發(fā)電能力將從目前的10萬(wàn)兆瓦(MW)增加60%。據(jù)預(yù)測(cè)，到2026年，全球海上風(fēng)電市場(chǎng)的價(jià)值可能達(dá)到875億美元，而2019年僅為361億美元。然而，這需要大量的投資和經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的能源專(zhuān)家的專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)，才能使風(fēng)能項(xiàng)目啟動(dòng)并滿足這一需求。
今年4月，雪佛龍與挪威財(cái)團(tuán)莫爾德(Moreld)簽署協(xié)議，共同開(kāi)發(fā)渦輪技術(shù)公司Ocergy，成為美國(guó)第一家投資海上風(fēng)力發(fā)電的石油巨頭。殼牌、挪威國(guó)家石油公司(Equinor)和道達(dá)爾等歐洲大型石油公司都有完善的海上風(fēng)能項(xiàng)目。
離岸開(kāi)發(fā)是雪佛龍3億美元低碳投資計(jì)劃的一部分。該項(xiàng)目將建設(shè)海上浮動(dòng)風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)，為美國(guó)部分電網(wǎng)提供電力。
類(lèi)似的項(xiàng)目已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)在世界其他地區(qū)，如殼牌與SSE Renewables和Equinor合作，目前正在英格蘭東北部開(kāi)發(fā)世界上最大的Dogger Bank風(fēng)電場(chǎng)，總發(fā)電能力將達(dá)到2400兆瓦。
經(jīng)過(guò)十年的基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)和許可申請(qǐng)，石油大亨Phil Anschutz目前正在投資美國(guó)最大的風(fēng)能項(xiàng)目。懷俄明州 50 億美元的項(xiàng)目將由 Anschutz 個(gè)人投資 4 億美元，Anschutz 正在尋求股權(quán)合作伙伴為剩余股份提供資金。該項(xiàng)目預(yù)計(jì)將于2025年完工，建成后將有1000臺(tái)風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)在32萬(wàn)英畝的土地上運(yùn)行，足以為加州180萬(wàn)戶家庭提供電力。
風(fēng)能的主要吸引力之一是它與石油和天然氣的相似性。國(guó)際能源署的一份報(bào)告發(fā)現(xiàn)，大約40%的海上風(fēng)力發(fā)電成本，如大型建筑的建造和維護(hù)，與海上石油工業(yè)的成本重疊。
此外，隨著政府和國(guó)際機(jī)構(gòu)要求走向綠色的壓力越來(lái)越大，石油巨頭們正在尋找投資于石油和天然氣以外的未來(lái)的方法。雖然碳捕捉技術(shù)是大多數(shù)公司的重大舉措，但一些公司正在尋求發(fā)展可再生能源領(lǐng)域，以確保他們?cè)谖磥?lái)幾年在國(guó)際能源中的份額。
一些公司已經(jīng)從石油轉(zhuǎn)向風(fēng)能，而不是簡(jiǎn)單地增加投資組合，比如丹麥的?rsted。考慮到風(fēng)能開(kāi)發(fā)的財(cái)政潛力和美國(guó)未充分開(kāi)發(fā)的行業(yè)性質(zhì)，這并不令人驚訝。
目前，風(fēng)能僅占全球電力的0.3%。但隨著美國(guó)未來(lái)10年的重大項(xiàng)目規(guī)劃，大型石油公司可能會(huì)推動(dòng)這一數(shù)字呈指數(shù)增長(zhǎng)。
裘寅 編譯自 油價(jià)網(wǎng)
原文如下：
Renewables Need Big Oil To Thrive
We need the expertise, experience, and financial backing of Big Oil to drive wind energy forward in the U.S., following years of strong investments from oil firms across the country kickstarting the industry. As activists and international agencies continue to criticize Big Oil for its role in climate change and environmental degradation, it is precisely those firms that have made some of the more significant investments and added some of the greatest value to renewable energy projects across North America.
Wind capacity is expected to increase by 60 percent over the next five years from 100,000 megawatts (MW) at present. And the global offshore wind market could reach a value of $87.5 billion by 2026 according to predictions, an increase from just $36.1 billion in 2019. However, it will require significant investment and know-how from seasoned energy experts to get wind projects off the ground and meet this demand.
In April this year, Chevron became the first U.S. oil major to invest in offshore wind, signing a deal with Norway’s Moreld to develop Ocergy, a turbine technology company. It follows in the footsteps of European majors Shell, Equinor, and Total, which all have well-established offshore wind energy projects.
The offshore development is part of Chevron’s $300 million low-carbon investment plan. The development will see the construction of floating offshore wind turbines which will be used to power part of the U.S. grid.
Similar projects have already been seen in other areas of the world as Shell, with partners SSE Renewables and Equinor, is currently developing the world’s largest wind farm in the northeast of England. Phases A and B of the Dogger Bank Wind Farm will have a combined power generation capacity of 2,400 MW.
Now oil tycoon Phil Anschutz is investing in America’s biggest wind energy project, after a decade of setting the groundwork and applying for permits. The $5 billion project in Wyoming will see a personal investment of $400 million from Anschutz who is seeking equity partners to finance the remaining share. The development, expected to be completed by 2025, will see 1000 wind turbines up and running across 320,000-acres upon completion, enough to power 1.8 million homes across California.
One of the main attractions of wind is its similarity to oil and gas. An IEA report found that around 40 percent of the costs of offshore wind, such as the construction and maintenance of huge structures, overlap with the costs of the offshore oil industry.
In addition, with mounting pressure from governments and international agencies to go green, oil majors are looking at ways to invest in a future beyond oil and gas. While carbon capture technology has been a major move for most firms, some are looking to develop their renewable energy sectors to ensure their stake in international energy in the years to come.
Some companies have already made the switch from oil to wind rather than simply adding to their portfolios such as Denmark-based ?rsted. This is not surprising given the financial potential for wind energy development and the underexploited nature of the industry in the U.S.
At present, wind energy accounts for just 0.3 percent of global electricity today. But with significant projects planned for the U.S. over the next decade, Big Oil could have a hand in boosting this figure exponentially.
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