據(jù)今日油價(jià)8月3日?qǐng)?bào)道，7月，英國(guó)石油公司發(fā)布了《2021年世界能源統(tǒng)計(jì)報(bào)告》。該審查報(bào)告提供了國(guó)家層面主要能源的供應(yīng)和需求情況。

　　石油需求創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄下降

　　2020年的石油消費(fèi)量出現(xiàn)了有記錄以來(lái)的最大降幅。在連續(xù)9年增長(zhǎng)之后，新冠肺炎疫情導(dǎo)致全球原油消費(fèi)量在2020年下降了900多萬(wàn)桶/天，至8850萬(wàn)桶/天。

　　美國(guó)仍然是世界上最大的石油消費(fèi)國(guó)，2020年平均每天消耗1720萬(wàn)桶石油。

　　排在前10位的國(guó)家與2019年相同，只是沙特阿拉伯超過(guò)了日本，巴西超過(guò)了加拿大。

　　美國(guó)仍是石油供應(yīng)的冠軍

　　盡管疫情對(duì)美國(guó)石油產(chǎn)量造成了影響，但美國(guó)仍以1130萬(wàn)桶/日的產(chǎn)量保持世界最大產(chǎn)油國(guó)地位。俄羅斯和沙特阿拉伯繼續(xù)位居第二和第三。然而，為應(yīng)對(duì)疫情，沙特阿拉伯和其他歐佩克國(guó)家在2020年減產(chǎn)。

　　注意，這些產(chǎn)量是指原油和凝析油。美國(guó)在液化天然氣的生產(chǎn)上也領(lǐng)先于所有國(guó)家，這部分最終進(jìn)入了石油產(chǎn)品供應(yīng)鏈。因此，如果包括天然氣，美國(guó)對(duì)俄羅斯和沙特阿拉伯的領(lǐng)先優(yōu)勢(shì)更大。

　　值得一提的是，英國(guó)石油公司對(duì)石油消費(fèi)的定義不包括生物燃料，但包括煤炭和天然氣的衍生品。還包括需要進(jìn)一步精煉的原油、頁(yè)巖油/致密油、油砂、凝析油或天然氣凝析油。不包括從其他來(lái)源，如生物質(zhì)液體燃料以及煤和天然氣合成衍生品。

　　王佳晶 摘譯自 今日油價(jià)

　　原文如下：

　　The U.S. Retains Its Crown As World’s Top Oil Producer

　　Last month BP released its Statistical Review of World Energy 2021. The Review provides a comprehensive picture of supply and demand for major energy sources on a country-level basis. Each year, I do a series of articles covering the Review’s findings.

　　In the previous article, I discussed the trends in global carbon dioxide emissions. Today, I want to cover the production and consumption of petroleum.

　　A Record Decline in Oil Demand

　　For 2020, the Review reported the largest decline in oil* consumption on record. After nine consecutive years of increase, the Covid-19 pandemic caused global consumption of crude oil to decline by more than 9 million barrels per day (BPD) in 2020 to 88.5 million BPD.

　　The United States remains the world’s top oil consumer, averaging 17.2 million BPD in 2020.

　　The Top 10 consumers were the same countries as in 2019, except Saudi Arabia jumped ahead of Japan, and Brazil jumped past Canada. “Change” reflects the change in consumption from 2019.

　　U.S. Remains the Oil Production Champion

　　Despite the impact the pandemic had on U.S. oil production, the U.S. remained the world’s top oil producer** at 11.3 million BPD. Russia and Saudi Arabia retained their positions at #2 and #3. However, Saudi Arabia and other OPEC countries engaged in production cuts in 2020 in response to the pandemic.

　　Note that these production numbers are for crude oil and lease condensate. The U.S. also leads all countries in the production of natural gas liquids (NGLs), which partially end up in the oil products supply chain. So, if NGLs are included, the U.S. has an even larger lead over Russia and Saudi Arabia.

　　Footnotes

　　*BP’s definition of oil consumption excludes biofuels while derivatives of coal and natural gas are included.

　　**Includes crude oil, shale/tight oil, oil sands, lease condensate or gas condensates that require further refining. Excludes liquid fuels from other sources such as biomass and synthetic derivatives of coal and natural gas.

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