據(jù)Oilnow 1月11日消息，南美石油巨頭巴西和圭亞那（世界上最熱門的勘探熱點(diǎn)，在Stabroek區(qū)塊有一系列令人難以置信的發(fā)現(xiàn)）準(zhǔn)備深化雙邊關(guān)系。
為此，圭亞那總統(tǒng)Irfaan Ali于周一同巴西聯(lián)邦共和國總統(tǒng)Jair Bolsonaro舉行了電話會議，討論他月底訪問喬治城的情況以及議程中涉及的問題。
Ali列舉了幾個對兩國關(guān)系向前發(fā)展至關(guān)重要的領(lǐng)域，包括能源和糧食安全、電信、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施一體化以及貿(mào)易。
圭亞那國家元首表示，除了石油和天然氣，擴(kuò)大鋁土礦等其他非石油自然資源部門的機(jī)會將為直接連接巴西北部和大西洋創(chuàng)造機(jī)會，“為我們開發(fā)一個綜合項(xiàng)目”。
在貿(mào)易方面，目前有一項(xiàng)現(xiàn)有的部分范圍協(xié)定，其目的是通過兩國之間交換關(guān)稅優(yōu)惠、在貿(mào)易問題上的合作和增加私營部門的參與來促進(jìn)雙邊貿(mào)易流動。Ali表示，由于圭亞那希望增加配額，特別是與出口到巴西的大米有關(guān)，因此目前正在就擴(kuò)大配額進(jìn)行談判。
Bolsonaro總統(tǒng)表示，討論的議程看起來“充滿希望”，他將確保巴西有關(guān)部門的技術(shù)人員前往圭亞那進(jìn)行國事訪問。
至于Ali總統(tǒng)，他熱切地表示圭亞那希望與南美最大的石油生產(chǎn)國巴西建立“非常牢固的戰(zhàn)略伙伴關(guān)系”。
總統(tǒng)負(fù)責(zé)財政的高級部長Ashni Singh博士;外交與國際合作部長Hugh Todd;外交大臣Robert Persaud和外交與國際合作部常任秘書Elisabeth Harper大使也在位于喬治城的總統(tǒng)辦公室參加了電話會議。
巴西自上世紀(jì)40年代就開始涉足石油行業(yè)，在非洲大陸擁有第二大石油儲量。
此外，它還是該地區(qū)最重要的石油和天然氣生產(chǎn)國，也是世界上最大的乙醇燃料生產(chǎn)國。
巴西國家石油公司(Petrobras)是巴西石油行業(yè)上游、中游和下游活動的主要參與者。該公司一直壟斷巴西石油相關(guān)的活動，直到1997年政府開放該行業(yè)的競爭。在過去的兩年中，巴西國家石油公司顯著增加了鹽下油田生產(chǎn)船的數(shù)量，以提高原油產(chǎn)量。鹽下石油指的是位于海洋以下厚巖層和鹽層之下的石油儲量。鹽下生產(chǎn)涉及的巨大深度和壓力帶來了重大的技術(shù)障礙。
自2015年以來，圭亞那在Stabroek區(qū)塊已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了20多個重大石油發(fā)現(xiàn)，行業(yè)專家認(rèn)為，由于其高質(zhì)量和低成本的深水項(xiàng)目，圭亞那的石油是過去十年世界上最好的石油之一。
圭亞那的Liza一期項(xiàng)目于2019年開始生產(chǎn)石油，Liza二期項(xiàng)目將于本季度投產(chǎn)。到2026年，通過優(yōu)化計劃，圭亞那的石油項(xiàng)目的產(chǎn)量將超過90萬桶/天。
迄今為止，埃克森美孚牽頭的財團(tuán)已在Stabroek區(qū)塊發(fā)現(xiàn)了100億桶油當(dāng)量，并預(yù)計還有數(shù)十億桶的潛力有待開發(fā)。
裘寅 編譯自 Oilnow
原文如下：
South America’s oil giant and upcoming star looking to forge strategic partnership
South American oil giant, Brazil, and Guyana, the world’s hottest exploration hotspot with an incredible string of discoveries in the Stabroek Block, are poised to deepen their bilateral relations.
Towards this end, Guyana’s President, Dr. Irfaan Ali held a teleconference on Monday with his counterpart President of the Federative Republic of Brazil, Jair Bolsonaro, to discuss his visit to Georgetown by month end along with the issues that would inform the agenda.
President Ali listed several areas that are critical for both countries to move their relationship forward, including energy and food security, telecommunication, infrastructure integration and trade.
The Guyanese Head of State said that in addition to oil and gas, expanding opportunities in the other non-oil natural resources sectors such as bauxite will create an opportunity for a direct link to northern Brazil and the Atlantic that can “create an excellent platform for us to develop an integrated project”.
As it relates to trade, currently, there is an existing partial scope agreement that aims to foster bilateral trade flows by the exchange of tariff preferences between the two countries, cooperation on trade matters and increased participation of the private sector. This, President Ali said, is currently under negotiation to be expanded since Guyana wants to increase its quota, especially as it relates to rice being exported to Brazil.
President Bolsonaro said the agenda for discussion looks “very promising” and that he will ensure technical staff from the relevant ministries in Brazil travel for the state visit.
As for President Ali, he was keen to note that Guyana wants to have a “very strong strategic partnership” with Brazil, South America’s biggest oil producer.
Senior Minister within the Office of the President with responsibility for Finance, Dr Ashni Singh; Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation, Hugh Todd; Foreign Secretary, Robert Persaud and Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation, Ambassador Elisabeth Harper were also at the Office of the President in Georgetown for the teleconference.
Brazil has been involved in the petroleum industry since the 1940s and holds the second-largest oil reserves in the continent.
Furthermore, it is the most important oil and gas producer in the region and the world’s largest ethanol fuel producer.
Petrobras is the main participant in Brazil’s upstream, midstream, and downstream oil sector activities. The company held a monopoly on oil-related activities in Brazil until 1997, when the government opened the sector to competition. Within the last two years, Petrobras has significantly increased the number of production vessels operating in its pre-salt fields to boost crude oil production. (Pre-salt oil refers to oil reserves that are exceptionally deep below the ocean under thick layers of rock and salt. The great depth and pressure involved in pre-salt production present significant technical hurdles.
As for Guyana which has made more than 20 major discoveries in the Stabroek Block since 2015, industry experts have deemed its oil to be one of the best the world has seen in the last decade given its high quality and low breakeven cost for deepwater projects.
Oil production commenced in Guyana in 2019 at the Liza Phase One Project and Liza Phase Two is on track to come on stream this quarter. By 2026, Guyana’s oil projects following optimization programmes, could push production rates to well over 900,000 barrels of oil per day.
To date, the ExxonMobil-led consortium at the Stabroek Block has discovered 10 billion barrels of oil equivalent and sees multi-billion-barrel potential left to be explored.
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