據加勒比環球新聞網12月21日華盛頓報道，撒哈拉以南非洲地區的石油出口國應該將國內生產總值(GDP)的5%至10%作為緩沖，以應對未來油價大幅波動。對許多非洲國家來說，這意味著它們需要在未來10年期間保持每年高達1%的財政盈余。

正如在最新的區域經濟展望中指出的那樣，在過去兩年里，石油價格從每桶23美元的低點波動到120美元的高點，導致依賴石油的經濟體的收入高度不確定。然而，非洲地區大多數石油出口國還沒有積累足夠的資金來應對不可預測的油價變化。事實上，撒哈拉以南非洲地區國家的主權財富基金持有的資產僅占GDP的1.8%，而中東和北非地區國家的主權財富基金持有的資產占GDP的72%，這迫使撒哈拉以南非洲國家在油價下跌時借入或提取金融資產。

因此，在過去截至2020年的10年里，撒哈拉以南非洲地區石油生產國的年增長速度比非資源密集型國家慢了2個百分點以上，償債成本也幾乎是其他國家的兩倍。

此外，由于各國向低碳能源轉型，石油收入可能會大幅下降。到2030年前，撒哈拉以南非洲地區國家的石油收入可能會下降四分之一，到2050年，下降一半。現在建立緩沖將有助于該地區石油出口國在應對油價波動的同時順利向清潔能源轉型。

李峻 編譯自 加勒比海環球新聞網

原文如下：

Savings From Oil Revenues Could Help Africa's Producers Manage Price Swings

Oil exporters in sub-Saharan Africa should target buffers of around 5 to 10 percent of gross domestic product to manage large swings in oil prices. For many countries, this means they will need to maintain annual fiscal surpluses up to 1 percent per annum over a 10-year period.

As noted in our latest regional economic outlook , oil prices have fluctuated from lows of $23 per barrel to a peak of $120 over the last two years, resulting in highly uncertain revenues in oil-dependent economies. However, most oil exporters in the region haven't accumulated enough savings to insure against unpredictable oil price changes. In fact, sovereign wealth funds in sub-Saharan Africa hold assets of just 1.8 percent of gross domestic product compared to 72 percent in the middle east and north africa forcing countries to borrow or draw down financial assets when oil prices fall.

As a result, in the decade through 2020, the region's oil producers have grown over 2 percentage points slower per year than non-resource intensive countries. Debt service costs have also been almost twice as high than in other sub-Saharan African countries.

Moreover, as countries transition to low-carbon energy sources, oil revenues could sharply decline. By 2030, oil revenues in the region could fall by as much as a quarter and by 2050, by half. Building buffers now would help the region's oil exporters navigate the transition toward clean energy while managing oil price fluctuations.